After 1960, a few casinos in Europe, Australia, and Macau began offering craps, and, after 2004, online casinos extended the game's spread globally. Their military memories led to craps becoming the dominant casino game in postwar Las Vegas and the Caribbean. The street version of craps was popular among service members who often played it using a blanket as a shooting surface. Ĭraps exploded in popularity during World War II, which brought most young American men of every social class into the military. Virtually all modern casinos use his innovation, which incentivizes casinos to use fair dice. Winn in Philadelphia introduced a layout which featured bets on Don't Pass as well as Pass. In approximately 1907, a dicemaker named John H. All three losing numbers on the first roll of pass are jointly called the craps numbers.įor a century after its invention, casinos used unfair dice.
This structure is retained in the simplified game called pass. Also in hazard, if the main number is seven then the number twelve is added to the crabs as a losing number on the first dice roll. In hazard, both "crabs" are always instant-losing numbers for the first dice roll regardless of the shooter's selected main number. Now applied to the entire collection of games, the name craps derives from an underclass Louisiana mispronunciation of the word crabs, which in aristocratic London had been the epithet for the numbers two and three. The central game, called pass from the French word pas (meaning "pace" or "step"), has been gradually supplemented over the decades by many companion games which can be played simultaneously with pass. Celebrating the popular success of his novelty, de Marigny gave the name Rue de Craps to a street in his new subdivision in New Orleans. Field hands taught their friends and deckhands, who carried the new game up the Mississippi River and its tributaries. Both hazard and its simpler derivative were unfamiliar to and rejected by Americans of his social class, leading de Marigny to introduce his novelty to the local underclass. Although in hazard the dice shooter may choose any number from five to nine to be his main number, de Marigny simplified the game such that the main number is always seven, which is the mathematically optimal choice (choice with the lowest disadvantage for the shooter). Hazard was brought from London to New Orleans in approximately 1805 by the returning Bernard Xavier Philippe de Marigny de Mandeville, the young gambler and scion of a family of wealthy landowners in colonial Louisiana. The origins of hazard are obscure and may date to the Crusades. Ĭraps developed in the United States from a simplification of the western European game of hazard. In 1788, "Krabs" (later spelled crabs) was an English variation on the dice game hazard (also spelled hasard). Craps being played by children in a street in St Louis, Missouri, circa 1912
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